NALCOOL 2000 - Automobile Coolant Corrosion Inhibitor

Corrosion and scaling in automobile cooling systems is primarily by chemical reaction of oxidizing agents in the coolant on the metal components. The type and nature of materials present at heat exchanging surfaces, the temperature of the system, pH and type of corrosive elements present in the coolant determine the type of inhibitor package needed.

Conventional water based coolants constantly need additives in the form of mineral inhibitors such as phosphates, nitrites and borates for poplar heat exchange surface metals like aluminium, copper etc along with other parts made from cast iron & mild steel. Absence of suitable inhibitors can cause corrosion, metal cavitation, scaling and cause leaks by destruction on rubber gaskets and head caps. Liquid coolant additives serve ideally as easy to use blends that can be directly mixed with coolant water for easy and quick anti-corrosive action on coils, coolant pump and radiator fins.

Corrosion inhibitors are generally blends of chemicals added to the coolant water to reduce material loss and system damage due to oxidation. The prerequisite is a passivation agent to coat the metal surfaces preventing further corrosion followed by neutralization of oxidizing ions in the coolant thus reducing cavitation. Best corrosion inhibitors need to be fast acting and thermally stable so as to operate at high temperatures and high coolant flow rate. Nitrite, Borate, Silicate and Polyacrylate formulations seem to be the most popular as corrosion and rust inhibitors. This is due to the fact that they are able to remove most oxidizing agents in common coolants while passivating metal surfaces for a long lasting corrosion control. The only requirement is to keep a steady inhibitor concentration in the system.

NALCOOL 2000 manufactured by Nalco Company is a synergized inhibitor blend for metal passivation and sale suppression as a water soluble corrosion inhibitor. It has been designed for all common engine cooling systems and is ideal to protect ferrous metals, copper & its alloys, aluminium etc. as well as rubber gaskets and non-metallic components within the cooling system. NALCOOL 2000 is available in liquid form making it easy to use and apply, fully compatible with water and ethylene glycol based coolants. It does not contain chromates and has been tested internationally to maintain a high degree of heat transfer efficiency & long engine life.

Outstanding features of the product include:

s  Protection of all common cooling system metals

s  Cavitation protection

s  Minimized sludge and scale formation

s  Liquid, safe & easy to apply formulation

s  Compatible with wide range of coolants and dyes

s  Approved by all leading automobile engine manufacturers

NALCOOL 2000 is the perfect corrosion & scale inhibitor for coolants in small auxiliary diesel engines containing aluminium components.

ChemEqual is a vast online specialty chemical database and NALCOOL 2000 as well as equivalent compositions of coolant corrosion inhibitors can be found here from among a wide range of global suppliers.

Nalco PermaTreat PC-191 - RO Membrane Antiscalant

Reverse osmosis is a water purification technique developed in 1950’s by US government to remove dissolved solids in saline and brackish water. The principle involves application of waterline pressure over untreated water against a semipermeable membrane. The separated H₂O molecules pass through the membrane into a reservoir while contaminants remain on the other side. Over the years, RO has been extensively used for treating industrial feed water. While the primary method for demineralization is Ion exchange method, RO systems are adopted when large volumes of water need to be treated economically.

The life, efficiency & productivity of an RO Membrane water treatment system is greatly reduced due to a phenomenon called RO Membrane Scaling. During RO system operation, as the water moves through the membrane, the concentration of dissolved and suspended solids keep on increasing at the boundary layer. When the concentration exceeds saturation value, there occurs a tendency of deposition and crystallization on the membrane surface. Smaller depositions act as nuclei for more salt accumulation thus decreasing effectiveness of membranes and invoking frequent cleaning of the system. Scalants mostly include low soluble salts of calcium, barium, strontium as carbonates and sulfates and fine reactive silica crystals. Their low solubility makes them difficult to remove during cleanup processes.

Scaling can be minimized by pretreatment processes like ion exchange, chemical treatment like lime softening etc. but these incur higher costs.  In some cases, acidification is practiced to remove insoluble carbonates and sulfates and most commonly Hydrochloric Acid is used. Recently, the popular choice of RO scale treatment is the use of Antiscalants. Reverse Osmosis Antiscalants are specialized chemical formulations added to the untreated feed water to increase the solubility of sparingly soluble salts that cause scaling. They mostly comprise of acrylates and phosphonates that greatly inhibit carbonate and sulfate precipitation. Since they offer an online scale protection advantage, RO Antiscalants have become an essential part of operations involving reverse osmosis systems. Such systems avoid mineral scaling and need less frequent cleaning, show greater efficacy with high permeate quality, decreased water and energy consumption and longer operation life.

Nalco PermaTreat PC-191 is an RO Membrane Antiscalant manufactured by Nalco Company. It is a highly effective scale inhibitor engineered specifically for RO systems. It is suitable for treating brackish, highly saline and effluent feed water in RO filtration, Nanofiltration and Ultrafiltration systems. It is compatible with all types of RO membranes and can extend membrane life thus cutting down operating and maintenance costs.

Nalco PermaTreat PC-191’s characteristics can be ideally summarized as:

·         Effective against scales of calcium, strontium, barium salts of carbonate, sulfate and oxide origin

·         Zero scaling in system upto 2.6 LSI

·         Cleans by dispersing particulate fouling

·         Effective even at low feed water pH  upto 5.9

·         Can be fed directly or as diluted solution in system

·         Prevents formation of Iron scales

Nalco PermaTreat PC-191 helps resolve all scaling issues in RO Filtration systems and at all instances, the costs incurred are lower than would be for Ion exchange hardness removal methods. ChemEqual, the largest chemical marketplace gives the opportunity to buyer to compare and buy chemicals and equivalents.

Aquaculture Disinfectants: Types and Uses

Disinfection is a common disease management tool for aquaculture sector. It can be both a routine bio-security practice to prevent specific diseases or a routine sanitation process to reduce overall occurrence of diseases that may lower farm productivity. The nature and mode of disinfection greatly varies with the specific reason that leads to disinfection practices. The most commonly practiced approach is chemical treatment in specified doses and for sufficient retention periods to destroy pathogenic organisms that would otherwise access the water systems repetitively.

In aquaculture systems, the threat of cross contamination is prevalent between fauna in the same tank as well as between water holdings, both in fish and crustacean farming. In addition, use of disinfectants is not possible in open systems owing to environmental impacts of chemicals in natural waters and in case of seawater; there is risk of residual oxidant by-products due to chemical reactions with salts in water. Thus disinfectants can be applied safely and most conveniently only to hatcheries and incubation tanks.

Since most aquatic species are highly sensitive to toxic chemicals and the disposal of such waters threatens to contaminate natural water bodies, it is highly needed that a “safe” product be used for disinfection. The term “safe” implies to toxicity tolerance by farm as well as wild aquatic organisms. Thus only a few chemicals can truly adhere to the properties of ideal aquaculture disinfectants in real practice. Some disinfectants are effective against a large range of microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. In addition some chemicals are selective biocides to certain strains of exotic eutrophic microalgae. While some disinfectants can work on a short term before the microbes grow resistant to them. Thus the choice of disinfectant and methods of disinfection should be based on the spectrum and ease of application as well.

Requisites of an ideal Disinfectant are summarized herein:

-Should have a wide spectrum antimicrobial activity

-Should not be irritating to aquatic organisms or humans

-Should have minimal toxicity to non target organisms

-Should have high penetrability

-Should be active in presence of Pus and Necrotic Tissue

-Should be non-interfering with normal immunity of fishes

-Should be cost friendly

-Should be non corrosive and non staining

-Should be highly stable

-Should be biodegradable with nil/minimum bioaccumulation potential

Disinfectants can be classified based on their mode of activity as:

- Oxidizing Agents

-Reducing agents

-Detergents

Oxidizing Disinfectants can again be of two types:1

a. Those that oxidize without releasing oxygen, most common being Halogen bleachers and Potassium Permanganate and Peracetic Acid

b.  Those that oxidize by release of nascent oxygen i.e. Peroxides

They are mostly used to control phytoplankton, pathogens and bottom soil oxidants. Most oxidizing agents are irritant to skin and eyes in high concentrations and except for chlorine, most don’t have long bioaccumulation potential thus non contaminants to food.

Reducing agents consist of organic aldehydes like Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde that are popular general disinfectants used as germicide, fungicide or as preservatives in industries. Their main mode of action is by formation of covalent bonds and disruption of functional groups in cellular proteins. They are thus target specific and can be easily applied in selective removal of microbial contaminants. Aldehyde disinfectants are non-irritant, readily biodegradable and do not possess bioaccumulation risks.

Detergents or popularly referred to as Cationic detergents are Quaternary ammonium compounds (Benzalkonium Chloride) that are used I hatcheries to eradicate aquatic insect larvae and nematodes. They are active in disruption of cell membrane and destruction of cytoplasm and cell nuclear material. They are highly active against Gram negative bacteria. There are no known records of reactive products not degrading or chances of bioaccumulation in environment as of yet.

Irrespective of the mode of application and action most aquaculture disinfectants listed above seem to be highly effective in their respective treatment domain but choice of the same lies totally on the users end needs of disinfection and the type of pathogen to be controlled.

ChemEqual is a vast online chemical B2B marketplace and various grades and compositions of specific Aquaculture Disinfectants and Biocides can be searched here.

ChemEqual

Chemicals for removing mineral scales in boilers and cooling towers

Scaling is the precipitation of dissolved impurities in untreated water on the equipment walls. This may lead to buildup of hard water mineral film coats on the surfaces of heat exchangers, cooling towers, boilers & pipelines reducing their efficiency and safe operation of the heating elements. It may result in localized heating along the hot spots leading to tube failures inside pressure boilers and progressive lowering of boiler efficiency by forming an insulative layer. On an average, a 0.4mm thick deposit can reduce boiler’s efficiency by 18.2%.

Scaling is mainly due to calcium and magnesium salts because their solubility is inversely related to the water temperature and silica concentrations.  They are mostly classified as limescales most of these being Carbonates and Sulphates. Carbonate scales are granular, porous and dense uniform on the surface while Sulphate scales are harder, brittle and more compact in nature. Another type of scaling is associated with High Silica deposits that are hard, dense and impervious. They are hard to remove owing to inertness against acids. Contrary to these, Iron scale deposits are mostly due to corrosion or iron contamination in water that oxidizes the metal parts of the equipment.
Descaling chemical or is used to remove mineral scales from metal surfaces in contact with hot water, such as in boilers, heat exchangers etc. It is the best alternative to mechanical descaling owing to its ease of use and application methods. It is a high end superior protection to industrial equipments from scaling.

Acid washing is the only satisfactory method for removing mineral scales. Typical descaling chemical compositions include individual or a proportionate blend of mineral acids like Hydrochloric, Sulphamic, Hydrofluoric, Phosphoric, Formic and Citric acids along with applicable corrosion inhibitors and chelants. Descaling Chemical is more of a broader term and it may include application directed products such as Condenser Descalant , Heat Exchanger Descalant, , High Silica Descalant, Silica Scale Remover and Passivation Chemicals.

Liquids are more preferred in the market because of features like
• precise pH correction,
• application over wide boiler pressure range
• multipurpose descaling
• ease of use

Industrial descaling chemicals can be customized for offline descaling, online descaling and immersion descaling based on the nature of scale and system concerned. These chemicals are even suitable for descaling equipments in sensitive industries like pharmaceuticals, oil refineries, power plants, food and beverage industries. The need for chemical cleaning during the lifetime of the equipment has become a recognized fact & should be accepted as a routine maintenance practice. Frequencies of service cleaning depend on the Water Chemistry and Operation conditions.
Chemequal is a vast online chemical B2B marketplace and various grades, brands of application specific descaling chemicals can be searched here.

ChemEqual is a vast online chemical B2B marketplace and various grades, brands of application specific descaling chemicals can be searched here.

Chemicals for removing mineral scales in boilers and cooling towers

Scaling is the precipitation of dissolved impurities in untreated water on the equipment walls. This may lead to buildup of hard water mineral film coats on the surfaces of heat exchangers, cooling towers, boilers & pipelines reducing their efficiency and safe operation of the heating elements. It may result in localized heating along the hot spots leading to tube failures inside pressure boilers and progressive lowering of boiler efficiency by forming an insulative layer. On an average, a 0.4mm thick deposit can reduce boiler’s efficiency by 18.2%.

Scaling is mainly due to calcium and magnesium salts because their solubility is inversely related to the water temperature and silica concentrations.  They are mostly classified as limescales most of these being Carbonates and Sulphates. Carbonate scales are granular, porous and dense uniform on the surface while Sulphate scales are harder, brittle and more compact in nature. Another type of scaling is associated with High Silica deposits that are hard, dense and impervious. They are hard to remove owing to inertness against acids. Contrary to these, Iron scale deposits are mostly due to corrosion or iron contamination in water that oxidizes the metal parts of the equipment.
Descaling chemical or is used to remove mineral scales from metal surfaces in contact with hot water, such as in boilers, heat exchangers etc. It is the best alternative to mechanical descaling owing to its ease of use and application methods. It is a high end superior protection to industrial equipments from scaling.

Acid washing is the only satisfactory method for removing mineral scales. Typical descaling chemical compositions include individual or a proportionate blend of mineral acids like Hydrochloric, Sulphamic, Hydrofluoric, Phosphoric, Formic and Citric acids along with applicable corrosion inhibitors and chelants. Descaling Chemical is more of a broader term and it may include application directed products such as Condenser Descalant , Heat Exchanger Descalant, , High Silica Descalant, Silica Scale Remover and Passivation Chemicals.

Liquids are more preferred in the market because of features like
• precise pH correction,
• application over wide boiler pressure range
• multipurpose descaling
• ease of use

Industrial descaling chemicals can be customized for offline descaling, online descaling and immersion descaling based on the nature of scale and system concerned. These chemicals are even suitable for descaling equipments in sensitive industries like pharmaceuticals, oil refineries, power plants, food and beverage industries. The need for chemical cleaning during the lifetime of the equipment has become a recognized fact & should be accepted as a routine maintenance practice. Frequencies of service cleaning depend on the Water Chemistry and Operation conditions.
Chemequal is a vast online chemical B2B marketplace and various grades, brands of application specific descaling chemicals can be searched here.

ChemEqual is a vast online chemical B2B marketplace and various grades, brands of application specific descaling chemicals can be searched here.