Quaternary Disinfectants

Quaternary Disinfectants are broad spectrum disinfectants. According to EPA’s definition broad spectrum disinfectants show efficacy against all the three major classes of microbial organisms-Bacteria, Fungi and Viruses.

Cleaning products used in houses, industries, public places are mainly based on quaternary ammonium compounds.

The risk of contamination is increasing at an alarming rate in our everyday life. Thus disinfectants are an important component for safeguarding the environment.

 Structurally Quaternary ammonium compounds contain a positively charged nitrogen atom which is bonded to four organic groups. These are used as broad spectrum disinfectant.

Quaternary ammonium compounds destroy the cell wall of microbes. The positively charged nitrogen atom binds itself with the cell membrane of the microbes which are negatively charged. This denatures the protein present in the cell of bacteria or fungi impairing their metabolic reaction and finally causes death.

Because different types of combinations are possible many versions of QACs are available commercially. The most commonly found QAC in disinfectants are Benzalkonium chlorides, also known as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides .Abbreviations for Benzalkonium  chloride include BAC, BZK, BKC, and ADBAC.

QAC based products possess superior stability compared to other disinfectants. QACs show the broadest spectrum of efficacy against microbial agents. It shows activity against Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Fungus and Algae.

QACs show good cleaning properties. The main use of QACs are in healthcare sectors.

One of the key features of QAC based disinfectants is that they are non corrosive to metal pipes and other surfaces. They can be diluted for easy use and thus cause very little damage to the surface. QAC based products show exceptional material compatibility .

KEY FEATURES

·         Economical and easy availability

·         Non -damaging on carpets, clothing etc.

·         Non corrosive to metal pipes

·         Non Toxic

Main Application of Quaternary Disinfectant:

·        Food Processing Plants-All the instruments and equipments used in food industries need to be sterilized correctly otherwise it would cause alteration in food quality.QAC based products are used extensively to give proper sterilization against all microbial attack.

·   Personal Hygiene- QAC for its excellent germicidal activity are used in most hand sanitizers, hand gel etc. It has proven to show 99.99% destruction of common bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and   Escherichia coli for an exposure time of 2 minutes.

·         Medical Institutions –For cleaning and disinfecting bathroom surfaces. In many hospital rooms QAC based products are employed in spray fogging for killing airborne and surface bacteria.       

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SURFACTANTS

Surfactants   are surface active agents that aids in the lowering of interfacial tension between two liquids or between a solid and a liquid. All detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, foaming agents and dispersants fall under the class of surfactants.

Surfactant molecules are amphiphilic  in nature  chrachterized  by a long hydrophobic tail group and a polar hydrophilic head group .This allows surfactants to achieve solubility in both polar and non polar medium. 

When added to water the surfactant molecules orient themselves in a manner such that the hydrophobic tail groups move away from water and the polar head group remains next to water and they form an aggregate called micelle. During cleaning of any substance all dirt, grease and oily matter get trapped among the micelle which can be dislodged later by application of small mechanical force.

Surfactants are classified according to the charge present  on their polar head group.

• ·         Cationic Surfactants bear a positive charge on their polar head
• ·         Anionic surfactants hold a negatively charged polar group
• ·         Amphoteric  surfactants have both negative and positive charge on the polar group
• ·         Non ionic surfactants contain neutral head group

Surfactants find application in a wide range of products like detergents, washing liquids and soaps, shampoos, fabric softener etc.

Mainly all detergents are anionic in nature the most common being Sodium Lauryl Sulphate. Many sulphonates, carboxylates and phosphonates based anionic surfactants are also used in detergents.

Cationic surfactants are usually not used in cleaners, they mostly find application as fabric softeners. These are mainly based   on quaternary ammonium compounds having strong anti microbial properties and are widely used as hard surface disinfectants.

Non ionic surfactants do not dissociate into ions in aqueous medium. They find application as wetting agents, emulsifiers, cleaning agents etc. In many cases non ionic surfactants find preference over the ionic one which shows poor solubility and cleaning action in hard water. Non ionic surfactants have outstanding solvent property and possess high chemical stability .In health care sectors , textile industries ,agricultural sector and various other industries  non ionic surfactants are used widely.

Amphoteric  Surfactants are user friendly products. Mostly they are used along with anionic and cationic surfactants to enhance their cleaning action. Due to their low toxicity and non irritant nature they are used in baby shampoos. In view of their low  toxic quality and low  irritation on the skin and eyes amid the use procedure and in addition  high biodegradability, hard water resistance, emulsifying, scattering, wetting, foaming , and the high similarity with  other surfactants, their applications in chemical, textiles, food, pigments etc. are on the rising side.

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RODINE 85 Preventing Metals From Acid Corrosion - ChemEqual

In many industrial operations metals such as steel and iron are subjected to very high temperature which often leaves a discoloring oxide layer or scale on the surface. The process of hot rolling, drawing, annealing and molding of metals result in the deposition of organic impurities, stains, rusts and scale which impede further metal processing. In industries same metals are used for a long period which makes them vulnerable to development of rust and surface deformation.

Pickling is the conventional method practiced in industries for removing rust and scales from metal surface. It is the removal of any high temperature scales from metal surface by chemical means. It involves dipping of the metal work piece in acid solution referred to as “pickle liquor”. Earlier sulphuric acid was used in pickling process but now HCL has taken the prime position as it pickles much faster with minimum loss of base metal.

Corrosiveness of acid makes it difficult to handle. The acid reduces the protective oxide film on metals and thus expose the underlying metal to corrosion. The hydrogen present in the acids further reacts with the metal surface and ultimately builds up cracks. The acid often cause dissolution of the pure metal leading to metal loss.

An acid inhibitor   is thus added to the pickling solution to   reduce corrosion and prevents  the metal from dissolving or becoming pitted. Inhibitors may be natural or synthetic organic compounds which are added to pickling acid solution to reduce metal corrosion .They slow down the reaction between acid and base metals which help in controlling excessive fume generation during pickling. Inhibitor also aids in controlling pickling rate.

Rodine 85 is a low foaming liquid corrosion inhibitor intended for use in sulfuric acid pickling operations on various types of metals like copper, brass, nickel and all type of steel. It is formulated using 1, 3 Diethyl Thiourea, Propargyl alcohol, Formaldehyde, Substituted triazine & O-Toluidine and detergent. Rodine 85 shows activity at any acid concentration. Rodine 85 is an effective inhibitor for phosphoric and acetic acids, as well as sulfamic, citric, oxalic, and sodium bisulfate solutions in pickling and industrial cleaning operations.

Rodine 85 reduces  corrosive attack  of acids on the clean metal to a minimum, which reduces the amount of sludge formed in pickling baths also it helps in  reducing the consumption of acid and prolongs the life of the bath. It passivates the metal surface, to a considerable degree and makes it highly corrosion resistant. Rodine 85 allows pickling baths to be used at higher temperature, which leaves the surface of the metal chemically clean and ready for the application of finishing coatings such as plating, painting or lacquering; It improves the appearance of the pickled metal by creating a uniformly whiter (i.e. more silvery) surface, thus improving its solubility. Other advantages are the elimination of gases and fumes in the pickling process and the prevention of acid brittleness of the steel.

Rodine 85 dosage greatly depends on the type of metal, the temperature of operation and the sequence of cleaning operation. The recommended amount of Rodine 85 to be used for pickling is always given in percent by volume of the concentrated acid, regardless of the degree of acid dilution used. RODINE 85 should be used at a concentration ranging from 0.05 to 0.30 percent by volume of the diluted acid regardless of the degree of acid dilution used. In addition, it is recommended that Rodine 85 inhibitor be used at a concentration not less that 0.5% by volume of the concentrated liquid acid or not less that 0.5% by weight of the concentrated solid acid, regardless of the temperature of the industrial cleaning operation.

The key features can be summarized as follows - 

• Strong inhibitor with detergent improves rinsability
• Aids in attaining maximum cleanliness on  nickel work
• Low foaming inhibitor for general purpose inhibition

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Organic Acid Inhibitor Rodine 92B - ChemEqual

Effective cleaning of equipment in the food processing industry is required to reduce chances for contamination of during preparation, processing, storage & serving. Cleaning prevents attraction of lower life forms like food pathogens, increases equipment life, boosts employee morale and efficiency and accounts for aesthetic considerations of consumers. The primary cleaning agent is water; free from disease producing organisms, toxic metal ions and objectionable taste & odor. But such quality of cleaning water is hard to achieve and chemicals are tailored to meet cleaner specifications based on water composition and operation type.

Acid Type Cleaners & Corrosion:

Acid cleaners are used in the food processing industry for milkstone removal and cleaning equipment like broth tanks, ingrediators etc. A wide choice of acid type cleaners for mineral scale removal exist today but organic acids and blends of organic acid type cleaners and chelating agents have found much popularity in recent times. This is because they are much less corrosive than mineral acids and alkaline cleaners. Citric acid and EDTA are frequently used for this purpose owing to a better pH regulation and less aggressive surface action.

Nevertheless, acid cleaning chemicals are corrosive to the base metal and are responsible for corrosion & pitting of surface. Inhibitors for Citric Acid descaling solution are usually applied at very low concentrations (1000-3000 ppm) to provide upto 99.8% corrosion inhibition during acid cleaning processes. Depending on the acid type used, specific corrosion inhibitors are designed to remove scales and deposits from equipment while minimizing base metal loss. They are of mostly polymeric origin and act by forming chelating structures, proving high efficiency as inhibitors in acid chemical cleaning operations.

RODINE 92B is a blend of semi-foaming corrosion inhibitors specifically formulated for preventing corrosion by Citric acid and EDTA based cleaners. It is highly efficient at protecting metal surfaces such as steel and copper alloys commonly associated with equipment in food processing and packaging industry. It has been shown to assist in surface cleaning and descaling actions by acid cleaners without any pitting or corrosion on metal surface.

With respect to the nature of industry where rodine acid inhibitors are used, toxicity issues for inhibitors is of prime concern & exposure to humans due to improper/inadequate rinsing is a possibility. Rodine 92B has been designed for such special applications and contains ingredients generally recognized safe to humans thus suitable for cleaning of food equipment.

Key product features are:

·         Modifies metal surface to prevent corrosion

·         Excellent wetting properties for better cleaning

·         Enhances cleaning efficiency

Rodine 92B is effective upto a temperature of 85°C/185°F and can be applied in all types of food processing, packaging & storage industries as inhibitor for acid cleaning systems.

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Nalco PermaTreat PC-191 Highly Effective RO Membrane Antiscalant - ChemEqual

Reverse osmosis is a water purification technique developed in 1950’s by US government to remove dissolved solids in saline and brackish water. The principle involves application of waterline pressure over untreated water against a semipermeable membrane. The separated H₂O molecules pass through the membrane into a reservoir while contaminants remain on the other side. Over the years, RO has been extensively used for treating industrial feed water. While the primary method for demineralization is Ion exchange method, RO systems are adopted when large volumes of water need to be treated economically.

The life, efficiency & productivity of an RO Membrane water treatment system is greatly reduced due to a phenomenon called RO Membrane Scaling. During RO system operation, as the water moves through the membrane, the concentration of dissolved and suspended solids keep on increasing at the boundary layer. When the concentration exceeds saturation value, there occurs a tendency of deposition and crystallization on the membrane surface. Smaller depositions act as nuclei for more salt accumulation thus decreasing effectiveness of membranes and invoking frequent cleaning of the system. Scalants mostly include low soluble salts of calcium, barium, strontium as carbonates and sulfates and fine reactive silica crystals. Their low solubility makes them difficult to remove during cleanup processes.

Scaling can be minimized by pre-treatment processes like ion exchange, chemical treatment like lime softening etc. but these incur higher costs.  In some cases, acidification is practiced to remove insoluble carbonates and sulfates and most commonly Hydrochloric Acid is used. Recently, the popular choice of RO scale treatment is the use of Antiscalants. Reverse Osmosis Antiscalants are specialized chemical formulations added to the untreated feed water to increase the solubility of sparingly soluble salts that cause scaling. They mostly comprise of acrylates and phosphonates that greatly inhibit carbonate and sulfate precipitation. Since they offer an online scale protection advantage, RO Antiscalants have become an essential part of operations involving reverse osmosis systems. Such systems avoid mineral scaling and need less frequent cleaning, show greater efficacy with high permeate quality, decreased water and energy consumptions and longer operation life.

Nalco PermaTreat PC-191 is an RO Membrane Antiscalant manufactured by Nalco Company. It is a highly effective scale inhibitor engineered specifically for RO systems. It is suitable for treating brackish, highly saline and effluent feed water in RO filtration, Nanofiltration and Ultrafiltration systems. It is compatible with all types of RO membranes and can extend membrane life thus cutting down operating and maintenance costs.

Nalco PermaTreat PC-191’s characteristics can be ideally summarized as:

      ·         Effective against scales of calcium, strontium, barium salts of carbonate, sulfate and oxide origin

      ·         Zero scaling in system upto 2.6 LSI

      ·         Cleans by dispersing particulate fouling

      ·         Effective even at low feed water pH  upto 5.9

      ·         Can be fed directly or as diluted solution in system

      ·         Prevents formation of Iron scales

Nalco PermaTreat PC-191 helps resolve all scaling issues in RO Filtration systems and at all instances, the costs incurred are lower than would be for Ion exchange hardness removal methods. ChemEqual is the most trusted speciality chemical global marketplace based in USA with over 700+manufacturers and 30K products listed. Search for required Speciality Chemical products and its suppliers, manufacturers or its equivalent 
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RODINE 213 Acid Inhibitor Supplier Exporter - ChemEqual

Most metal hot working processes tend to leave a discoloring oxide layer or scale on the surface. Deposition of inorganic impurities, stains, rust and scales from ferrous, cuprous, aluminium and precious metal mostly as oxides hinder with further processes like extrusion, rolling and galvanizing. In jewellery making, soldering and annealing processes leave metal oxide residue that prevent polishing of ornaments. Such impurities are cleaned with the help of diluted solution of acids. The method is called pickling and the work piece is dipped in a vat of acid solution popularly called “Pickle Liquor”.

Hydrochloric acid replaced the commonly used Sulfuric acid as the pickling liquor because it pickles much faster with minimum base metal loss. The aggressive chloride ion in the acid is the key to high efficiency in the cleaning process. It is used for cleaning metals with an alloy content of 6% or less. An acid inhibitor must be added to the pickling solution to prevent the metal from dissolving or becoming pitted. Such a pickling acid solution is called “Inhibited HCL” and is a blend of Hydrochloric acid solution in water (3% to 10%) and an acid corrosion inhibitor which in itself is a blend of organic compounds that adsorb on the metal surface during pickling.

Rodine 213 is a premium organic blend of keto-amine complex substitutes with non-ionic surfactants, alcohol and solvents especially designed to inhibit attack of hydrochloric acid on metal surfaces during industrial operations like cleaning and pickling. It is effective over a wide range of metal surfaces like Iron & Steel, copper and brass. Rodine 213 is a high foaming formulation with a high efficacy at dispersing grease deposits and is ideal for HCL based pickling liquor solutions especially prior to plating.

It ensures metal surface protection during processes involving elimination of lime deposits from boiler and pipework and from evaporating plants, removal of oxide deposits from iron, steel, brass and copper. Rodine 213 is free from chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals like arsenic and lead. It can be synergized with Hydrochloric acid pickling in stipulated concentrations both by circulation method and by soak and rinse method. Rodine 213’s exceptional strength and commendable heat stability makes it an ideal acid inhibitor during enhancement of the pickling process by pre-heating the equipment with the inhibited acid solution. It also acts as a strong acid fume suppressant.

Its key features can be summarized as follows:

     ·        Modifies  metal surface to prevent corrosion

     ·         Easy to use

     ·         Excellent wetting properties for better cleaning

     ·         Effective fume suppression

     ·         Saves Zinc in galvanizing (Plating)

     ·         Reduces metal loss

     ·         Enriches strength of pickling acid bath, and reduces acid consumption

Rodine 213 has widespread industrial application in industries such as Iron & Steel, Power Station, Heavy Engineering Industries, Petrochemical & Refineries, Sugar Processing Industry, Cement, Glass & Ceramic Industries to name a few. ChemEqual is the most trusted speciality chemical global marketplace based in USA with over 700+manufacturers and 30K products listed. Search for required Speciality Chemical products and its suppliers, manufacturers or its equivalent 
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NALCOOL 2000 Nitrite based Diesel Engine Corrosion & Scale Inhibitor - ChemEqual

Tropical coolants are water based need coolant additives for mineral salt suppression that may negatively affect heat transfer operations and corrode/scale inner walls of cooling systems. The Cooling System is itself a very aggressive environment and is subjected to a small volume of coolant that is propelled through the system at very high velocity at extremes of temperatures that can easily cause scaling and corrosion to metal components leading to equipment failure at any time.

NALCOOL 2000 manufactured by NALCO is a coolant corrosion inhibitor blend made from Sodium Nitrite, Sodium Tetraborate, Sodium Metasilicate, Sodium Mercaptobenzothiazole that functions as a protective, film-forming corrosion inhibitor and scale suppressant to keep engines clean and free from scale, and reduces downtime and maintenance costs. The product protects cooling systems against corrosion, liner pitting, cavitation-erosion, mineral scale deposits and electrolysis. In addition, it helps reduce the effect of oxidizing agents that are commonly dissolved in most tropical coolants.

It has been designed for all common engine cooling systems and is ideal to protect ferrous metals, copper & its alloys, aluminium etc. as well as rubber gaskets, ‘O’rings and non-metallic components within the cooling system. NALCOOL 2000 is available in liquid form making it easy to use and apply, fully compatible with water based coolants and Mono Ethylene Glycol antifreeze. It is chromate free and has been tested internationally to maintain a high degree of heat transfer efficiency & long engine life.

Product Features & Benefits:

  s  Designed to protect cast iron diesel engine cooling systems

  s  Contains additives to protect against sludge and mineral scale formation

  s  Prevents overheating

  s  Effective against liner pitting and cavitation erosion

  s  Liquid, safe & easy to apply formulation

  s  Not harmful to radiator or heater connecting hoses, diesel liner seals and ‘O’rings

  s  Recommended and used by major diesel engine manufacturers throughout the world

NALFLEET NALCOOL 2000 is the perfect corrosion & scale inhibitor for all types of heat transfer fluids in small auxiliary diesel engines containing aluminium components.

ChemEqual is a vast online specialty chemical database and NALCOOL 2000 and equivalent compositions of coolant corrosion inhibitors can be searched here from among a wide range of global suppliers.